Gravitation is the force of attraction between any two objects (having mass) in the universe.
Universal Law of Gravitation:
It states that “the Gravitational force is directly proportional to the product of the masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them”.
Universal Gravitational Constant:
It is a constant represented by “G”, whose value is 6.673*10-11 N m2kg-2.
Free Fall:
When an object falls freely under the influence of gravitational force only then such objects are said to have free fall.
Acceleration Due To Gravity:
Acceleration during free fall is called acceleration due to gravity. Or it can also define as the acceleration caused by the force of gravity only.
Mass:
Most of the students got confused between mass and weight. Mass is a constant quantity that does not depend on geography, it is the measure of the inertia of an object. Its SI unit is Kg.
Inertia:
It is the tendency of an object to resist change in its state (rest or motion).
Weight:
It is the force by which Earth attracts an object towards it. Its SI unit is Newton.
Thrust:
It is a force that acts normally (perpendicularly) on an object. Its SI unit is Newton.
Pressure:
It is defined as the force (thrust) that acts on a unit area. It shows the effect of the thrust on an object. Its SI unit is Newton per meter2.
Pressure in Fluid:
As solid exerts pressure because of its mass, fluid also exerts pressure.
Buoyancy:
The upward force that acts on an object that is immersed in a fluid is called Buoyant force, and this phenomenon is called Buoyancy. The magnitude of the force depends on the density of the fluid.
Archimedes’ Principle:
It states that, “The upward force (buoyant force) acting on an object immersed fully or partially in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.”
Relative Density:
It is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of water. Since it is a ratio so it does not have any unit.
Density:
It is defined as the mass per unit volume. It is the amount of mass of a substance present in unit volume.